Hegel's dialectic put on a materialist footing: history moves through conflicts rooted in economic life, not in Geist. The label belongs to later Marxism; Engels spoke of the materialist conception of history.
In lecture order, as Marci Shore presents each view. The time opens that minute of the lecture on YouTube.
Marx inverts Hegel, turning dialectics into dialectical materialism: history's driver is not Geist but socioeconomic forces, so philosophy must leave the metaphysical and ideal for the material and concrete.
Put simply Marx turns Hegel upside down. History is driven not by "Spirit" but by social and economic forces, so philosophy must turn from abstract ideas to material, concrete life. This is "dialectical materialism".
In the text In the 1873 Afterword to Capital, Marx writes "My dialectic method is not only different from the Hegelian, but is its direct opposite" and speaks of "the materialistic basis of my method".
Hegel's dialectic, in Engels's image, is standing upside down; the task is to take it "off its head" and plant it on its feet.
Put simply Engels: Hegel's way of explaining history through clashing opposites, his "dialectic," is standing on its head. It needs to be turned the right way up and set on its feet.
In Capital's afterword Marx credits Hegel with first setting out how dialectic works, though mystified: stood right side up, it reveals "the rational kernel within the mystical shell."
Put simply Marx, in Capital: Hegel was the first to set out how the dialectic, thinking through clashing opposites, works, but in a mystified form. Turned right side up, it reveals "the rational kernel within the mystical shell."
Beauvoir finds Marxism too reductive on women: private property alone does not explain their oppression, and sex relations are not just a class struggle, even if economics and class matter.
Put simply Beauvoir: Marxism reduces too much to economics when it comes to women. Private property alone does not explain their oppression, and relations between the sexes are not just class struggle, though economics and class matter.
Links from these claims to others in the course. Each shows the earlier claim, then the later one that answers it. “Our inference” marks a link Shore does not state outright.
HegelHistory's telos is a reconciliation in which the great oppositions, being and thought, freedom and necessity, fact and value, subject and object, dissolve into a single whole. L5 · 10:02
MarxMarx inverts Hegel, turning dialectics into dialectical materialism: history's driver is not Geist but socioeconomic forces, so philosophy must leave the metaphysical and ideal for the material and concrete. L5 · 33:55
Keeps Hegel's drive toward reconciling all dualisms but replaces Geist's spiritual resolution with a material, socioeconomic one.
MarxMarx inverts Hegel, turning dialectics into dialectical materialism: history's driver is not Geist but socioeconomic forces, so philosophy must leave the metaphysical and ideal for the material and concrete. L5 · 33:55
MarxFor Marx, your place in the socioeconomic structure, the base, determines your thinking; consciousness, culture and art, the superstructure, derive from it. L5 · 46:02
Extends the materialist inversion from history's motor to consciousness itself: base produces superstructure.Our inference
HegelGeist is "the I that is a We": for Hegel meaning is relational, so a single act, like hitting a ball, counts for something only within the whole. L4 · 26:43
MarxMarx inverts Hegel, turning dialectics into dialectical materialism: history's driver is not Geist but socioeconomic forces, so philosophy must leave the metaphysical and ideal for the material and concrete. L5 · 33:55
Keeps the dialectic but puts material forces where Geist stood
HegelDialectics is Hegel's name for what contradictions do when they meet: a position turns out unstable, its negation displaces it, and such clashes drive history forward in jolts. L4 · 32:56
MarxMarx inverts Hegel, turning dialectics into dialectical materialism: history's driver is not Geist but socioeconomic forces, so philosophy must leave the metaphysical and ideal for the material and concrete. L5 · 33:55
Retains dialectical motion through antagonism as the engine of history
MarxFor Marx, your place in the socioeconomic structure, the base, determines your thinking; consciousness, culture and art, the superstructure, derive from it. L5 · 46:02
BeauvoirBeauvoir finds Marxism too reductive on women: private property alone does not explain their oppression, and sex relations are not just a class struggle, even if economics and class matter. L16 · 40:32
Women's oppression cannot be derived from property or reduced to class
Terms that appear in the same claims.